How to interpret lactate - ADC Education & Practice Edition
WEBThe association between hyperlactataemia and poorer outcomes in acutely unwell adults and children is well recognised. Blood lactate testing has become readily available in acute settings and is considered a first-line investigation in international guidelines for the management of sepsis. However, while healthcare professionals do appreciate the value of measuring blood lactate in acute ...
How to use clinical signs of meningitis - ADC Education & Practice …
WEBMeningitis is a critical diagnosis not to miss in children presenting with fever. Since the early 20th century, classical clinical signs have been used to aid the diagnosis of meningitis. These classical signs are nuchal rigidity, Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign. Each of these relies on the principle that stretching the inflamed meningeal membranes causes clinically detectable irritation.
Paracetamol: pharmacology, prescribing and controversies
WEBParacetamol (internationally known as acetaminophen) is the most common medicine encountered in paediatric practice. It is used widely by parents and health professionals and it has analgesic and antipyretic effects. Its short-term safety and efficacy are well established and it is readily available for purchase over the counter. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood but it is known ...
Jaundice in newborn babies under 28 days: NICE guideline 2016 …
WEBIn May 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published updated guidelines entitled ‘Jaundice in newborn babies under 28 days’ (box 1).1 The guideline covers diagnosis and treatment of neonates with jaundice, aiming ‘to help detect and prevent very high levels of bilirubin’. New recommendations focus on measuring and monitoring bilirubin levels and the type ...
HYPONATRAEMIA: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT - ADC …
WEBSodium and its accompanying anions, chloride and bicarbonate, are the principal solutes in the extracellular fluid (ECF). Because sodium and chloride are nearly completely excluded from the cells, they behave as impermeant solutes and account for most of the osmolality and tonicity of the ECF. Sodium chloride is therefore the main determinant of ECF volume, since changes in its concentration ...
Information about the current guideline - ADC Education
WEBConvulsive status epilepticus (CSE) (box 1) is the most common childhood medical neurological emergency, with an incidence of approximately 20 per 100 000 per year in the developed world.1 2 Box 1 ### Definition of status epilepticus Status epilepticus is a condition resulting either from failure of the mechanism responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms, which ...
Harmful sexual behaviour among children and young people: NICE ...
WEBIn September 2016, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published their first guideline on ‘harmful sexual behaviour among children and young people’.1 The aim of this document was to enable the safe and appropriate management of children and young people presenting with harmful sexual behaviour. This includes the identification of such children and young people ...
Henoch–Schönlein purpura - ADC Education & Practice Edition
WEBHenoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) is the commonest vasculitis of childhood. The first description of this disorder was probably that of a young boy with “bloody points” over the shins of his legs, abdominal pain, blood in the stools and urine and painful subcutaneous oedema, described by William Heberden in 1801. In 1837 Johann Schönlein described the association of purpura and joint pain ...
Fifteen-minute consultation: Apparent vaginal bleeding in the pre ...
WEBA parent or carer’s observation of blood in a child’s nappy or underwear can be quite alarming for both parent and child and may indicate vaginal bleeding. At first glance, it may be difficult to ascertain whether the bleeding is from the skin, genital tract, urinary tract or anus. Confirmed vaginal bleeding in a pre-pubertal girl is rare but always abnormal and requires comprehensive ...
How to use the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
WEBThe Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development—Third Edition (Bayley-III) is a gold standard series of behavioural assessments used by clinicians and researchers to assess the developmental functioning of young children. The rigorous psychometric properties of the tool are attributed to the carefully standardised normative sample and quantitative scoring system. It is a common end-point ...
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