Input-referred calculations are a valuable tool to understand the expected performance of a measurement system, helping to optimize designs and inform system specifications. Why input-referred ...

RF instruments and wireless transceivers often feature an input for an external reference clock, such as the ubiquitous 10MHz reference input port found on RF instruments. Many of these same systems ...

The design of a switching power supply has always been considered a blend of magic and art by every engineer that designs one for the first time. Fortunately, today the market offers different tools ...

A fundamental goal of synthetic biology is to predictably and efficiently reprogram cells to perform computations and carry out specific biological tasks 1. Cells genetically engineered with ...

If these signals exhibit a simple, periodic waveform, such as with sine, square, or triangular waves, the generators are called function generators. They are often used to check the function of ...

Some applications require a positive voltage to be generated from a negative input voltage. This can be done either by using a transformer based topology, such as a flyback converter, or with a ...

Computer Inputs and Outputs The input-output system of a computer consists of the programs and devices that allow the machine and its user to communicate. Recently graphical devices for this purpose ...