Pedal edema is caused mainly due to retention of fluid leaked from the damaged tiny blood vessels or capillaries. The commonly observed symptom is swelling. Diagnosis involves review of medical ...

Some calcium channel blockers may be less likely to cause pedal edema compared with others. This paper will review existing explanations of why there may be differences. A favorable tolerability ...

Whatever the cause, lower-extremity edema may occur after long periods of standing, at the end of the day, with excessive fluid or sodium intake, or when the effects of mechanical forces are ...