For project description and materials, see here. Executive Summary available here.

Blended finance has gained significant recognition as a tool to mobilize private capital for sustainable development, particularly in EMDEs. When well-structured, it can help mitigate risk, attract ...

Governments around the world are facing complex and pressing issues relating to their international investment treaties. Investor-state arbitrations based on those treaties are on the rise, involving ...

Businesses are increasingly recognizing their responsibility to balance the needs of both stakeholders — such as employees and frontline communities — and shareholders. However, translating this ...

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This website uses cookies as well as similar tools and technologies to understand visitors' experiences. By continuing to use this website, you consent to Columbia University's usage of cookies and ...

In the early 1990s, the European Economic Community—the predecessor of the European Union (EU)—spearheaded an initiative to promote international cooperation in the energy sector, particularly with ...

To examine how industry giants incorporate climate considerations into their business plans, this analysis considers companies that are ranked within the top ten of their sectors based on market ...

The Secretariat’s Note refers to the creation of a “standing multilateral mechanism.” The draft text (draft provision 1) envisions the creation of a “Multilateral Investment Tribunal” (“the Tribunal”) ...

In this week's EU–South Africa summit, the European Commission is launching talks with South Africa on the first-ever Clean Trade and Investment Partnership (CTIP). Designing CTIPs to foster ...

Note: CCSI submitted a response to the OECD public consultation on investment treaties and climate change that builds on the text of this piece. Existing investment treaties do not and cannot advance ...