Since 1972, scientists have known there are four basic circuit components, but if you’ve spent any time in an electrical engineering classroom, you probably only have experience with three: capacitor, ...

In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

In this column, we take a closer look as to how timing and delays affect our logic circuits. As part of this, we start to consider the timing diagrams presented in data sheets. As I was writing my ...