Increased renin gene expression along with hypertrophy of JGCs is found during long-term, enhanced renin release. In addition to the hypertrophy of juxtaglomerular cells, the abovementioned ...

In this issue of Circulation, van Loosdregt et al 7 performed a comprehensive inventory of cytokines, chemokines, and chemokine receptors expressed in human arteriosclerotic versus referent ...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a major health burden despite significant therapeutic advances accomplished over the last decades. It is widely and increasingly recognized that systemic ...

BACKGROUND: Apelin is an endogenous prepropeptide that regulates cardiac homeostasis and various physiological processes. Intravenous injection has been shown to improve cardiac contractility in ...

In the pulmonary vasculature, cGMP concentrations are regulated in part by a cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE), PDE5. Infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) are oft ...

Background— The management of aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) involving the ascending aorta (type A) has not been well-established. The purpose of this study was to clarify the long-term clinical ou ...

Background— Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and with greater ECG left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH); however, it is unclear whether diabetes ...

Prolonged activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) can lead to cell pathology and subsequent tissue dysfunction. There is now ample evi ...

Background— Vasoreactivity tests are fundamental in evaluating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Mutations of the transforming growth factor-β type II receptor gene, BMPR2, predispose to the dev ...

In this issue of Circulation, Mukamal and colleagues report that frequent moderate consumption of alcohol is inversely associated with incident myocardial infarctions for both men and women. 1 This ...

Background— A better knowledge of patient x-ray dose and the associated radiation risk in pediatric interventional cardiology is warranted in view of the extensive use of x-rays and the higher radios ...

Background—On the basis of studies with limited statistical power, lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is not considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in blacks. We evaluated associations between ...