The French Flags - Heraldica
This French flag is indeed Argent three fleurs-de-lys Or. (The Duke of Wellington pays a similar "rent", but he presents a French tricolor (bleu-blanc-rouge) each year.) References. See also the page on the French Flag on the Web site of the President of the French Republic. A good reference on military flags in 16th-18th c. France is:
The Fleur-de-Lys - Heraldica
The royal arms of France; hence also the French royal family, the French flag (before 1789), the French nation or government. flag , sb.1 Also 4-7 flagg(e, (5 flegge). [Of obscure origin; cf. Dutch flag, occurring in Bible 1637, Job viii. 11 margin (the Eng. Bible has the same word in this passage), also mod.Da. flaeg (in Dansk Ordb. 1802, but ...
The Arms of France - Heraldica
French Presidents have used personal standards since the 2nd Republic (1848-51), which usually consists of a square-shaped tricolor flag whose white field is charged with a design. Under the 3d and 4th Republics (1875-1940, 1946-58) the design was the initials of the president.
Index to French Heraldry
Institut de la Maison Royale de France, the organism representing Henri d'Orléans (comte de Paris) obituary of the comte de Paris (d. 1999) in Le Monde (in French) profile of the current comte de Paris in Libération (in French) le site de Charles Napoléon devoted to his campaign for the office of mayor of Ajaccio.
The Oriflamme, Standard of the French kings - Heraldica
The oriflamme was a sacred banner used by the kings of France in the Middle Ages in times of great danger. It was distinct from the heraldic banner of the French kings (semis of fleur-de-lys on azure, as expected). Its history is fairly continuous from 1124 onward, when it is first mentioned. It is first described in 1225.
Nobility and Titles in France - Heraldica
Briefly put, the legal status of nobility was abolished in 1789 and never recreated. Titles of nobility, as hereditary marks of honor, were recreated in 1808, abolished in 1848, restored in 1852 and have remained in existence ever since, to this day. The Revolution broke in …
The Holy Roman Empire - Heraldica
The French Revolution and the European war that broke out as a result in 1792 ultimately led to the destruction of the Holy Roman Empire and the redrawing of the map of Europe. As a result of French victories in 1794-95, French troops occupied the whole Left Bank of the Rhine, including the Circle of Burgundy and other territories.
The Sovereign Military Order of Saint-John (a.k.a. Malta) - Heraldica
The French Revolution marked the beginning of a new era for the order. In 1792 the estates of the order within France were confiscated. This confiscation was extended to their estates in other parts of Europe as French conquests advanced. In 1798, Bonaparte captured Malta with outrageous ease and expelled the Order.
Works on Norwegian Heraldry in English and French
Cappelen, Hans: ’The Struggle for a "pure" Norwegian Flag: Nationalism and Symbolism in the 19th Century,’ The Flag Bulletin (XIX:3-5) 1980. Smith, W.: Flags through the Ages and across the World. New York: 1975. Trætteberg, Hans: ’A History of the Flags of Norway,’ The Flag Bulletin (XVIII:3) 1978. Family heraldry
Arms of French Cities: by département
on a seal of 1303 a cauldron (conque in old French) and a fleur-de-lys. Espalion (Aveyron): Or a lion holding in its mouth a sword, all gules . Milhau (Aveyron): Or four pallets gules, on a chief azure three fleurs-de-lys argent. The four pallets appear with an escarbuncle over all on a seal of 1243. A chief of France ancient is on a seal of 1303.