An Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) works by maintaining soil pressure at the tunnel face to prevent collapse and manage ground stability. It uses a rotating cutterhead to excavate soil, which is then mixed with conditioning agents to create a soil paste that balances pressure while being conveyed through screw conveyors. As the TBM advances, it simultaneously installs precast concrete segments to form the tunnel lining, ensuring structural stability. Tunnelling is vital